About eighteen months ago, Joan Head was asked
to give a talk on lavenders to a garden club in Andalucia. This led her to look
again at the species and subspecies that are found in mainland Spain, as well as
the Portuguese lavenders.
There are three species in Section
Lavandula. All occur in Spain, one of them an endemic.
L.
angustifolia subsp. pyrenaica takes its name from the Pyrenees,
where it grows mainly on the Spanish side of the border though some is found
over in France. This particular subspecies is cousin to the more familiar subsp.
angustifolia found further east in France and Italy which has given rise
to many cultivars widely grown in gardens, such as 'Hidcote' and 'Loddon Blue'.
Lavandula latifolia grows in north-east, south-east,
central and southern Spain as well as in France and Italy. It has a claim to
fame as one of the parents of the commercially important hybrid L. x
intermedia subsp. intermedia. One selection has been named, L.
latifolia 'Corbières', but this cultivar is not generally available.
L.x intermedia subsp. aurigerana is a naturally
occurring hybrid of L. latifolia and L. angustifolia subsp.
pyrenaica.
There is a second wild hybrid involving L
latifolia. L. x losae is a cross between latifolia and
lanata occurring in south-east Spain in arid, mountainous areas.
L. lanata, the third species in this section, grows wild
in Spain but nowhere else. Familiarly known as the woolly lavender, it is
instantly recognisable by its silvery appearance due to the density of the hairs
covering the whole plant. It grows in the south-east of the country, mainly in
Andalucia.
L. lanata has the deepest violet-blue flowers of all
the lavenders and the depth of flower colour together with silver foliage often
appears in hybrids of this plant. Apart from L. x losae, no other crosses
of lanata are known in the wild. There is, however, a growing list of
crosses of L. lanata with L. angustifolia subsp.
angustifolia occurring in cultivation, including 'Cornard Blue' (later
called 'Sawyers'), 'Richard Gray' and 'Andreas'. This cross has deservedly been
accorded its own hybrid epithet L. x chaytorae by the authors of the
recent monograph The Genus Lavandula.
A b c na Arquitectura Paisagistica no Algarve - Construção e Manutenção de Jardins.: Os modelos dos primeiros jardins japoneses viera...
A b c na Arquitectura Paisagistica no Algarve - Construção e Manutenção de Jardins.:
Os modelos dos primeiros jardins japoneses viera...: Os modelos dos primeiros jardins japoneses vieram da… China e representaram o prazer e divertimento dos aristocratas. Os do Período ...
Os modelos dos primeiros jardins japoneses viera...: Os modelos dos primeiros jardins japoneses vieram da… China e representaram o prazer e divertimento dos aristocratas. Os do Período ...
A b c na Arquitectura Paisagistica no Algarve - Construção e Manutenção de Jardins.: Espaços de contemplação Um Jardim Japonês ou Nih...
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Espaços de contemplação Um Jardim Japonês ou Nih...: Espaços de contemplação Um Jardim Japonês ou Nihon Teien é parte integrante da tradição nas casas do Japão, nas proximidades de...
Espaços de contemplação Um Jardim Japonês ou Nih...: Espaços de contemplação Um Jardim Japonês ou Nihon Teien é parte integrante da tradição nas casas do Japão, nas proximidades de...
A b c na Arquitectura Paisagistica no Algarve - Construção e Manutenção de Jardins.: Os elaborados jardins japoneses, com a sua arqui...
A b c na Arquitectura Paisagistica no Algarve - Construção e Manutenção de Jardins.:
Os elaborados jardins japoneses, com a sua arqui...: Os elaborados jardins japoneses, com a sua arquitectura peculiar, são réplicas da paisagem natural, cenários ornados com árvores, ...
Os elaborados jardins japoneses, com a sua arqui...: Os elaborados jardins japoneses, com a sua arquitectura peculiar, são réplicas da paisagem natural, cenários ornados com árvores, ...
design d'autore: At dawn on Saturday 5 March 2011, National Geograp...
design d'autore: At dawn on Saturday 5 March 2011, National Geograp...: At dawn on Saturday 5 March 2011, National Geographic Channel and a team of scientists, engineers and two world class balloon pilots success...
A b c na Arquitectura Paisagistica no Algarve - Construção e Manutenção de Jardins.: climbing frames for children , climbi...
A b c na Arquitectura Paisagistica no Algarve - Construção e Manutenção de Jardins.:
climbing frames for children , climbi...: climbing frames for children , climbing frame , climbing frames , 10 of the best climbing fra...
climbing frames for children , climbi...: climbing frames for children , climbing frame , climbing frames , 10 of the best climbing fra...
A b c na Arquitectura Paisagistica no Algarve - Construção e Manutenção de Jardins.: Give garden decking a decorative twistThink beyo...
A b c na Arquitectura Paisagistica no Algarve - Construção e Manutenção de Jardins.:
Give garden decking a decorative twist
Think beyo...: Give garden decking a decorative twist Think beyond linear planks and use decking in new, inventive ways to give a small garden a strong ...
Give garden decking a decorative twist
Think beyo...: Give garden decking a decorative twist Think beyond linear planks and use decking in new, inventive ways to give a small garden a strong ...
A b c na Arquitectura Paisagistica no Algarve - Construção e Manutenção de Jardins.: Slender tapersTaper candles are perfect for addi...
A b c na Arquitectura Paisagistica no Algarve - Construção e Manutenção de Jardins.:
Slender tapers
Taper candles are perfect for addi...: Slender tapers Taper candles are perfect for adding ambience on a balmy night. These have been carefully wired to lengths of bamboo and pla...
Slender tapers
Taper candles are perfect for addi...: Slender tapers Taper candles are perfect for adding ambience on a balmy night. These have been carefully wired to lengths of bamboo and pla...
A Gallery of Neriums
text and photos by Imtraud Gotsis
text and photos by Imtraud Gotsis
From her occasional articles in The
Mediterranean Garden, most of our members will be aware of Imtraud (Traude)
Gotsis' garden in the western Peloponnese. As an amateur plantswoman Traude
grows many exotic sub-tropical plants and trees in her mild micro-climate by the
sea, yet she reserves a special affection for the common native, Nerium
oleander. By selecting seedlings and cuttings and making exchanges with
other enthusiasts, she has amassed a wonderful array of Oleanders of different
colours and forms. Here is a small selection of them to give a taste of the
beauty and variety of this plant.
The Iberian Lavenders
Text and photographs by Joan Head
For the full article see The Mediterranean Garden No 42, October 2005.
For the full article see The Mediterranean Garden No 42, October 2005.
Lavandula dentata var. dentata in cultivation, taken August 2005
The next lavender, L. dentata var.
dentata, is the sole species in Section Dentatae. It is one of
the more widely distributed lavender species, Spain being the most westerly area
of a distribution which extends over North Africa, south-west Asia and the
south-west Arabian Peninsula. In mainland Spain it likes to grow in coastal
areas (along the eastern seaboard) among the maquis but can also be found
up to 2000m in the hinterland. This lavender is well known in cultivation
although readers in Australia, South Africa or the USA are more likely to be
familiar with the variety called candicans, which has more silvery
foliage.
The Portuguese lavenders come into their own as we look at Section Stoechas which contains three species, all to be found in Portugal and in mainland Spain. Lavenders in this section are distinguished by the presence of striking apical bracts (the "bunny ears" on top of the spike).
Lavandula stoechas is often found in pine or cork oak forests, appearing as a pioneer species after the common firestorms that occur in such communities. It prefers more acidic soil than other lavender species. There are two distinctive subspecies, both found in Spain and Portugal.
The Portuguese lavenders come into their own as we look at Section Stoechas which contains three species, all to be found in Portugal and in mainland Spain. Lavenders in this section are distinguished by the presence of striking apical bracts (the "bunny ears" on top of the spike).
Lavandula stoechas is often found in pine or cork oak forests, appearing as a pioneer species after the common firestorms that occur in such communities. It prefers more acidic soil than other lavender species. There are two distinctive subspecies, both found in Spain and Portugal.
Lavandula stoechas subsp. stoechas, taken in Andalucia, April 2005
L. stoechas subsp. stoechas tends to
hug the Mediterranean coast growing on open, stony, dry hillsides. In Portugal
it grows in the far south-west at Cape St Vincent.
Lavandula stoechas subsp. luisieri, taken in the Baixa Alentejo, May 2004
Lavandula stoechas subsp. luisieri, taken in the Algarve, April 2003
L. stoechas subsp. luisieri occurs in
the south-west corner of Spain and is widely seen over Portugal. It is often
found with L. viridis, occasional hybrids being produced. There is a
cultivar on sale, 'Tickled Pink', selected in New Zealand.
The second species in this section is L. pedunculata. There are five subspecies, three of which are endemic to Spain and Portugal. The subspecies are not easy to distinguish from each other. L. pedunculata subsp. pedunculata is seen in north, south and central Spain in the mountains and on the great central plain on sandy soils. It can also be found in the north-east corner of Portugal, close to the Spanish border. In contrast to L. stoechas, L. pedunculata prefers a more alkaline soil. There is a wild hybrid of L. pedunculata subsp. pedunculata and L. stoechas subsp. stoechas called L. x cadevalli.
Often known as the butterfly lavender, L. pedunculata is well-known in cultivation though is not particularly hardy. 'James Compton' was one of the earliest named selections but 'Papillon' is now seen more frequently. In the US probably 'Atlas' is better known.
L. pedunculata subsp. lusitanica occurs in the south-west corner of Spain. In coastal areas it grows on sandy soils and in scrub, often in open pinewoods. Further inland it is found in clearings in oak forests. In Portugal it is common in the south.
L. pedunculata subsp. sampaiana occurs in central and northern Portugal and in south west and northwest Spain. There are one or two cultivars available in the trade, notably 'Purple Emperor'.
The second species in this section is L. pedunculata. There are five subspecies, three of which are endemic to Spain and Portugal. The subspecies are not easy to distinguish from each other. L. pedunculata subsp. pedunculata is seen in north, south and central Spain in the mountains and on the great central plain on sandy soils. It can also be found in the north-east corner of Portugal, close to the Spanish border. In contrast to L. stoechas, L. pedunculata prefers a more alkaline soil. There is a wild hybrid of L. pedunculata subsp. pedunculata and L. stoechas subsp. stoechas called L. x cadevalli.
Often known as the butterfly lavender, L. pedunculata is well-known in cultivation though is not particularly hardy. 'James Compton' was one of the earliest named selections but 'Papillon' is now seen more frequently. In the US probably 'Atlas' is better known.
L. pedunculata subsp. lusitanica occurs in the south-west corner of Spain. In coastal areas it grows on sandy soils and in scrub, often in open pinewoods. Further inland it is found in clearings in oak forests. In Portugal it is common in the south.
L. pedunculata subsp. sampaiana occurs in central and northern Portugal and in south west and northwest Spain. There are one or two cultivars available in the trade, notably 'Purple Emperor'.
Lavandula viridis, taken in the Baixa Alentejo, S. Portugal, May 2004
Lavandula viridis, taken in the Baixa Alentejo, May 2004
The third and last species in this section is L.
viridis. It would be very difficult to mistake this lavender for any
other: it is a very hairy plant, with rather crinkled bright green leaves, white
flowers and creamy-green apical bracts. It has a distinctive highly camphorous
smell. Though usually associated with southern Portugal it is also found in
south-west Spain.
There is a rare hybrid of L.viridis and L. stoechas subsp. luisieri, called L. x alportelensis, as well as a further similar Portuguese hybrid, L. x limae, which is a cross between L. pedunculata subsp. lusitanica and L. viridis. In cultivation, L. viridis has crossed with many pedunculata (only occasionally stoechas) lavenders. The list of named crosses has now reached over fifty and many are generally available. Best sellers include 'Avonview', 'Marshwood', 'Helmsdale', 'Regal Splendour' (all selected in New Zealand) and 'Willow Vale' (selected in Australia).
The final species found in Spain and Portugal is L. multifida. This is the only representative from Section Pterostoechas found on the European mainland. It is recognisable by its very hairy appearance, particularly noticeable on the stem, and by the twisted, spiralling set of the florets on the flower spike. Its leaves are completely different from those of all the lavenders we have been discussing. Instead of being entire (all one piece), they are bipinnatisect, that is, finely divided. For this reason it is sometimes called the fernleaf lavender in the US and Australia. There is a cultivar on the market, 'Blue Wonder' sold commercially as seed.
In conclusion, there are roughly 11 species and subspecies and four wild hybrids in the Iberian Peninsula, compared for example to France which can claim three species and a couple of hybrids. However if we included the Canary Islands in the Spanish count, the Iberian lavenders would more than double, to about 25, including five endemics. But that's another story.
There is a rare hybrid of L.viridis and L. stoechas subsp. luisieri, called L. x alportelensis, as well as a further similar Portuguese hybrid, L. x limae, which is a cross between L. pedunculata subsp. lusitanica and L. viridis. In cultivation, L. viridis has crossed with many pedunculata (only occasionally stoechas) lavenders. The list of named crosses has now reached over fifty and many are generally available. Best sellers include 'Avonview', 'Marshwood', 'Helmsdale', 'Regal Splendour' (all selected in New Zealand) and 'Willow Vale' (selected in Australia).
The final species found in Spain and Portugal is L. multifida. This is the only representative from Section Pterostoechas found on the European mainland. It is recognisable by its very hairy appearance, particularly noticeable on the stem, and by the twisted, spiralling set of the florets on the flower spike. Its leaves are completely different from those of all the lavenders we have been discussing. Instead of being entire (all one piece), they are bipinnatisect, that is, finely divided. For this reason it is sometimes called the fernleaf lavender in the US and Australia. There is a cultivar on the market, 'Blue Wonder' sold commercially as seed.
In conclusion, there are roughly 11 species and subspecies and four wild hybrids in the Iberian Peninsula, compared for example to France which can claim three species and a couple of hybrids. However if we included the Canary Islands in the Spanish count, the Iberian lavenders would more than double, to about 25, including five endemics. But that's another story.
Esta quarta-feira, dia 12 de Outubro, há uma conversa sobre Hortas Urbanas no Centro de Cultura e Intervenção Feminista (CCIF), em Alcântara.
O GAIA, a Colher para Semear, a horta das laranjeiras e a Rede Ecovida do Brasil, são alguns dos grupos convidados para dinamizar a conversa.
A ideia é pensar numa horta para o CCIF - além dos cuidados técnicos, a conversa pode abranger outras questões pertinentes: "o porquê de uma horta biológica num espaço feminista?"
O GAIA, a Colher para Semear, a horta das laranjeiras e a Rede Ecovida do Brasil, são alguns dos grupos convidados para dinamizar a conversa.
Pedras para Decoração de Jardins
Decoração de Jardins com Pedra Decorativa é uma solução Limpa, Económica e de Baixo custo de Manutenção qualquer tipo de espaço exterior e interior.O aspecto sempre limpo e muito agradável, e o baixo custo associado a esta opção, fazem da Decoração de Jardins com Pedra, um opção muito requesita nos dias de hoje.
Muito utilizado em espaços interiores e exteriores para decoração:
- canteiros,
- vasos de plantas
- laterais de passadeiras
- envolventes de piscinas
- lagos em jardins
Decorativas
- Gravilhas
- Pedra Rolada
- Pedra Pintada
- Silica
- Quartzo
- Matizadas
- Saibros
ABC Garden Center Ecossistemas and Ecoviveiros is a range of special products for home and professional gardening.
 ABC Garden's Center Ecossistemas and Ecoviveiros main target is to supply products of the highest quality in order to obtain the best results in the home and professional care of plants and flowers. This goal is achieved using raw materials of the highest purity, high technology for production and rigorous quality controls, thus obtaining products that satisfy the customers completely. ABC Garden Center Ecossistemas and Ecoviveiros uses raw materials and production systems that are environment and biodiversity friendly.
In the R + D + I Department (Research + Development + Innovation) our technicians are permanently engaged in the research and development of effective products that meet the new market's needs. This process takes place in harmony with our sale channels which inform us about these needs.
The logistic structure of ABC Garden Center Ecossistemas and Ecoviveiros allows a quick and efficient service to our customers and suppliers in each season and situation.  The result is a wide range of high quality products for indoor and garden plants and flowers, obtained in a nature-friendly way, that ABC Garden Center Ecossistemas and Ecoviveiros puts at the disposal of suppliers and final customers with the highest guarantee.
ABC Garden has always followed a nature and environment friendly policy. As a result of this commitment, all the raw materials we use fulfil the aims of the Good Agricultural Practices (BPA, Spanish acronym). Although these are recommendations for professional agriculture, we also apply them in our ABC Garden Center Ecossistemas and Ecoviveiros products and recommend them for the home gardening.
 The Good Agricultural Practices are those techniques and general rules that responsible farmers should implement in their farms in order to improve the orientation in the development of their agricultural works, so as to guarantee environment-friendly practices as well as the protection and improvement of the environment.
The fulfilment of these Good Agricultural Practices is necessary to preserve and to improve our habitat. Environmental education must be present in individuals and communities in order to raise awareness regarding our environment and to learn the know-how, values, skills, experience and also to have the resolution that enables them to act individual and collectively to solve present and future environmental problems.
For a complete implementation of Good Agricultural Practices, ABC GardenCenter Ecossistemas and Ecoviveiros recommends the consideration of the following norms:
 |
 OLIVOS MACETA |
 OLIVOS CENTENARIOS |
 OLIVOS MILENARIOS |
 TRANSPORTE Y COMPLEMENTOS |
 BONSAIS |
 BRAHEA ARMATA |
 BUTIAS YATAY |
 COCOS PLUMOSOS |
 CÍTRICOS |
 CHAMAEROPS HUMILIS (Palmito) |
||
 DRACAENAS - DRAGOS |
 JUBAEA CHILENSIS |
 PHOENIX CANARIENSIS |
 PHOENIX DACTYLIFERA |
 PHOENIX ROEBELLINI |
 PHOENIX RECLINATA |
 WASHINGTONIAS |
WODYETIA BIFURCATA (Cola de Zorro) |
 YUCCAS ELEPHANTIPES |
 OTRAS PALMERAS |
 OTRAS PLANTAS |
palmeiras, palms, viveiros, plantas, arvores, algarve, artigo, jardim, palmeras, palmen, plantas, plant, palmen, plantas, plants, plant, pfl antzen, planten, arvores, trees, baume, bomen, photos, fotos, fotografias, green, nature, verde, natureza, viveiros, nurseries, viveros, viveiro, vivero, nursery, phoenix, dactylifera, datilera, datepalm, tamareira, tamaras, export, transplante, transplantation, exemplares, exotico, exotic,
Água limpa, uma vista do fundo do lago, peixes, moluscos e crustáceos claramente visíveis, tudo rodeado de lindíssimas plantas à beira do lago - é isto que torna um jardim aquático verdadeiramente divertido. Se ao menos não tivesse de se preocupar com o problema exasperante das algas! Vistas de perto, já não surpreende que estas mesmas beldades de jardim, à beira do lago, sejam, de facto, a sentença de morte da qualidade da água.
Pode constatar isto mais claramente no Outono: As folhas caem das árvores ou são atiradas para a água pelo vento e as folhas dos arbustos e ramos, quando curvadas elegantemente sobre a superfície da água, começam a morrer uma a uma e a cair para dentro do lago. É demasiado frequente as chuvas de Outono arrastarem a terra e a paillage para os lagos dos jardins. Se não fizer nada acerca disso agora, todo o tipo de desperdícios do jardim irá encaminhar-se - ainda que naturalmente - para o seu jardim aquático durante o Outono. Com consequências fatais. Tudo o que se deteriorar na água agora é duplamente perigoso. Por um lado, a deterioração de desperdícios do jardim na água produz gases de fermentação que, depois de dissolvidos, podem colocar em perigo os peixes, caso as trocas gasosas na água sejam impedidas devido ao facto de o lago se ter coberto de gelo. Os resíduos de plantas deterioradas também libertam as suas cargas de nutrientes na água do lago - um presente envenenado, sem dúvida. Estes nutrientes alimentam as algas no ano seguinte.
A regra mais importante no que diz respeito a jardins de água é, portanto, evitar que as plantas e os nutrientes entrem na água. Para consegui-lo, estenda nos lagos e ribeiros uma rede de protecção contra folhas para capturar itens maiores. Apare as plantas à beira do lago para que as folhas caídas não caiam para dentro da água. Uma tesoura extensível pode ser útil, já que assim pode cortar, confortavelmente e sem molhar os pés, as plantas que se encontrem mais afastadas da margem. As pinças para o lago, com os seus cabos longos, também podem ser usadas agora para encontrar e remover plantas que caíram para dentro do lago. Caules ocos, nos arbustos e ervas, podem ser deixados na planta, a menos que exista o risco de estes caírem para dentro de água devido ao vento ou à queda de neve. Os insectos de jardim gostam de passar o Inverno neles. Corte estes caules apenas em meados/final de Março e armazene-os algures no seu jardim até ao fim de Abril para que os insectos possam deixá-los novamente. Os caules restantes vão ficar bonitos ao longo do Outono e Inverno, altura em que ficam demasiado maduros ou cobertos de neve - especialmente se forem iluminados durante estas estações sombrias com iluminação de efeitos (luzes de jardim).
A regra mais importante no que diz respeito a jardins de água é, portanto, evitar que as plantas e os nutrientes entrem na água. Para consegui-lo, estenda nos lagos e ribeiros uma rede de protecção contra folhas para capturar itens maiores. Apare as plantas à beira do lago para que as folhas caídas não caiam para dentro da água. Uma tesoura extensível pode ser útil, já que assim pode cortar, confortavelmente e sem molhar os pés, as plantas que se encontrem mais afastadas da margem. As pinças para o lago, com os seus cabos longos, também podem ser usadas agora para encontrar e remover plantas que caíram para dentro do lago. Caules ocos, nos arbustos e ervas, podem ser deixados na planta, a menos que exista o risco de estes caírem para dentro de água devido ao vento ou à queda de neve. Os insectos de jardim gostam de passar o Inverno neles. Corte estes caules apenas em meados/final de Março e armazene-os algures no seu jardim até ao fim de Abril para que os insectos possam deixá-los novamente. Os caules restantes vão ficar bonitos ao longo do Outono e Inverno, altura em que ficam demasiado maduros ou cobertos de neve - especialmente se forem iluminados durante estas estações sombrias com iluminação de efeitos (luzes de jardim).
Aspirar o depósito ou sedimentos do lago com uma bomba para lodo não tem grande impacto hoje em dia. Os peixes e os outros habitantes naturais do lago gostam de passar o Inverno escondidos no lodo. Para assegurar as trocas gasosas essenciais, tal como mencionado anteriormente, deve manter o lago do jardim aberto em alguns espaços caso se forme muito gelo. Para tal deve usar um utensílio de protecção contra o gelo. Deve garantir também que existem suficientes caules de arbustos, juncos e relva a despontar pelo gelo. Debaixo da camada de gelo, eles têm contacto com a água, o que permite que haja trocas de gás através deles, independentemente da camada de gelo, já que eles funcionam como palhas.
Só tem de remover os peixes de lagos com pouca profundidade e permitir-lhes passar o Inverno num aquário se o lago gelar completamente (para medições, ver abaixo). Agora, deve retirar do lago do jardim os nenúfares e outras plantas aquáticas em risco devido ao gelo e colocá-las num balde cheio de água para que permaneçam frescas, mas sem gelo. Isto também se aplica a bombas de jardins de água se estas não forem demasiado profundas para o gelo (o que significa 80 cm de profundidade na nossa latitude; em regiões mais temperadas, uma profundidade de 60 cm é, geralmente, bastante adequada). A altura certa para retirar as bombas e, geralmente, o sistema de filtragem é quanto a temperatura da água já não está regularmente a 12 graus. Esta é a temperatura crítica abaixo da qual as bactérias do lago costumam parar de funcionar e, por isso, já não removem da água os nutrientes em excesso. No entanto, se trabalhar com uma bomba de superfície - uma coadeira - deve deixar ligada a bomba que a opera até que passe o risco de os resíduos de plantas caírem para dentro do lago no fim do Outono.
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